نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 85، بهار 1400)

Researchers who have written about the Iranian nationality have significant differences regarding the place of Shi’ism in the structure of the Iranian nationality. In order to examine these differences and discover the closest idea to the current situation of Iranians identity, in this article, while examining the various relations between "religion and nationality" and adopting a method of critical interpretation, the views of different groups of Iranian researchers are discussed. Indeed, we showed that there are at least three main views that have considered the conflict between nationality and Shi’ism. It also became clear that those theorists who have referred the date of birth of the Iranian nation to the pre-modern era, mainly considered Shi’ism far from the core of the Iranian nation, and on the contrary, those who tended to the modernity of this nation or fundamentally opposed nationalism, give more space to the Shi’ism. It also turned out that the ideas that put Shi’ism at the core of the Iranian nationality and accepted the historical dimension of being Iranian are more closely related to the Iranian current identity.

Child and adolescents' poetry is one of the conceptual poems that has various themes included in it for the education and awareness of the audience and depending on the comprehension power of each age group. one of these themes is national identity and its elements. This article tries to study and analyze the national identity and its elements in the poems of famous poets in the field of children and adolescent literature, Jafar Ebrahimi, Mostafa Rahmandoust, Assadollah Shabani and Nasser Keshavarz by descriptive-analytical method. The main question is what components of national identity did the mentioned poets include in their poems and what were their epistemological goals in presenting these components?
The research findings show that these poets by dealing with elements such as language, religion, land, culture and history, in different age categories and with various techniques and attitudes, While introducing national identity and reviving its foundations, they have also show Many national issues such as the importance of defending national identity, preserving national values, stimulating the spirit of oppression and revolution, the value of solidarity and unity, accountability, creating cultural ties between generations, promoting Iranian culture and art, the nation's love for the homeland and the effort to protect the country from enemy aggression.

National identity is considered as a common self-awareness of a nation, which can be traced in different contexts such as literature, music, drawing, calligraphy and architecture. Having four elements of language, calligraphy, poetry and architecture, historical poetry inscriptions enjoy the demonstration of national identity of their respective eras. Accordingly, this study is aimed to trace national identity in Persian poems of Safavid inscriptions in Isfahan City. In this order, all 97 Persian poetry inscriptions in Isfahan from Safavid era were studied. According to the result of analyzing all 457 verses written on mentioned inscriptions, the most repetitive issues in the studied poems include: 1. religious beliefs 2. Praising the King 3. Admiring the consecrators of the monuments, which respectively refer to Shia branch, kingship entity and consecration tradition in Iran. The point is, the three issues mentioned here, are considered as the elements of Iranian national identity in Safavid era.

Language plays a special role among the various factors that cause the formation and consolidation of identity for a society. In the meantime, toponyms or place-names have a special role. In these geographical names, there are common elements that lead to a cultural similarity and, ultimately, a common identity for their users. Most of these common elements in geographical names are those linguistic units which are called topoformants. The role of these formants, especially in countries such as Iran, which is composed of different ethnic groups and different languages are prevalent in it, is very important in creating a common cultural identity and, ultimately, national identity. In this paper, we intend to answer this question, given that different languages are common in Iran, what strategy has been chosen in choosing the geographical names, that are prominent manifestations of identity in each country, and whether this strategy has been useful. The data of this paper show that the use of common and transparent topoformants is a solution that Iranian people have chosen in naming geographical places. In fact, by using these common topoformants Iranian people have been able to create a common cultural identity, which has also strengthened their national identity.

Due to the concerns about cultural, ethnic and religious diversity and the consequences, this study aims to investigate the relationship between religious identity and national identity among Zoroastrians. Religious identity is an important aspect of identity and has a decisive role in acquiring individual identity. Strengthening this dimension of identity can reinforce other aspects of identity and the crisis in this area can cause crisis in other aspects of identity, especially religious identity. This claim is especially relevant in the communities where religion is the fundamental pillar of society. This is a descriptive-analytical study that was done by survey method and questionnaire. The statistical population of this study was Zoroastrians in Yazd and Fars provinces 384 questionnaires were filled in by random sampling. The results of this study show that among the Zoroastrian community, the tendency to religious identity has a significant relationship with the tendency to national identity. Among this society, the correlation between religious identity and cultural-historical and political dimensions of national identity is higher, but despite the significance, the correlation between geographical-social dimensions is low.

Identities are created, fabricated, reproduced, and, ultimately, represented in popular geopolitics, and, depending on the scale of diffusion, affect the subjective and inter-subjective perceptions of individuals and human societies. Hence, given the multiplicity of media as the main means of dissemination as well as their socialization, different types of popular geopolitics are conceived in the face of a single issue and have a corresponding effect on each. The regional policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran against the terrorism are a single issue for each of the agents and actors; Regional and international, governmental and non-governmental, individual or institutional; They went to it with their reading and recitation and inevitably, they have represented it. By descriptive method and semiotic analysis of the selected illustrated works, identified three main genres of supportive, critical and hostile in these representations and while providing quantitative and qualitative documentation of the interpreted and analyzed works, explained the results of these three genres and the aspects of identity pursued.

Some part of history of nations includes narrative and oral stories that are called folklore (vernacular culture). People may enjoy fantastic climate in anecdotes and try to make it viable. Animation can draw image of fantasy and play significant role in reflection of national identity by excerption from Persian vernacular stories. The present research aims to protect from unfamiliar works of foreign countries using a functional objective. The main problem of this study is to inquire advantages of fantasy in vernacular literature and their role in national identity-building. The qualitative methodology has been used in this study and based librarian and audiovisual sources. As a result, the reflective effect of these texts on their surrounding community has been investigated by purposive selection of three vernacular tales i.e. "Turtle and its friends", "The Habit of King Kerman" and "The cannibal fish of Persian Sea". The given finding suggests that distinction and special characteristics of fantasy in Persian vernacular tales possess a lot of potential for reflection of national identity by animation.

With the formation of state in the geographical space, a kind of management and administrative system will be necessary for them. There is a relationship between state and the pattern of spatial distribution of political power in geographical areas. The spatial distribution of power varies in political systems and systems. In the federal states, there are vast local powers, and in the centralized states, they are associated with a lack of local authority.
In the Republic of Turkey, we must explain all levels of the local and the regional administration and the delegation of authority to public organizations in the light of the principles of the unitary state. As articles 3 and 123 of the constitution indicate, the central government's will is determinative in the case of conflict between administrative power and competencies. The findings of this study show that although Turkey has established several local governance reforms based on European standards in the last two decades, its centralized system has been strengthened again after its frustration with the accession to the European Union. The "central government control system" over local authorities is multilayered so that these authorities are limited and controlled by the national government in various ways. This research has drawn a study about the political-administrative relations between the central government and sub-national authorities in the Republic of Turkey.